Deciding When to Take Social Security

One of the most common questions people ask about Social Security is when they should start taking benefits. Making the right decision for you can have a meaningful impact on your financial income in retirement.
Before considering how personal circumstances and objectives may play into your decision, it may be helpful to preface that discussion with an illustration of how benefits may differ based upon the age at which you commence taking Social Security.
As the accompanying chart reflects, the amount you receive will be based upon the age at which you begin taking benefits.

Monthly Benefit Amounts Based on the Age that Benefits Begin¹.

AGE	BENEFIT AMOUNT
62	$1,050.00
63	$1,125.00
64	$1,200.00
65	$1,300.50
66	$1,399.50
67	$1,500.00
68	$1,620.00
69	$1,740.00
70	$1,860.00

*This example assumes a benefit amount of $1,500 at the full retirement age of 67 months for those born after 1960.

At first blush, the decision may seem a bit clear-cut: Simply calculate the lifetime value of the early benefit amount versus the lifetime value of the higher benefit, based on some assumed life expectancy.
The calculus is a bit more complicated than that because of the more favorable tax treatment of Social Security income versus IRA withdrawals, spousal benefit coordination opportunities, the consideration of the surviving spouse, and Social Security’s lifetime income guarantee that exists under current law.²

Here are three ideas to think about when making your decision:

Do You Need the Money?
Retiring before full retirement age may be a personal choice or one that is thrust upon you because of circumstances, such as declining health or job loss. If you need the income that Social Security is scheduled to provide, however reduced, then taking benefits early may be the only choice for you.
Consider the Needs of Your Spouse
If your spouse expects to depend on your Social Security income, the survivor benefits he or she receives after your death may be reduced substantially if you begin taking benefits early. It’s important to remember that, based on current life expectancy tables, women are likely to live longer than men.
Are You Healthy?
The primary risk in retirement is running out of money. The odds of living a long life in retirement calls for waiting until you reach full retirement age, so that you receive a full benefit for as long as you live. However, if your current health is poor, then starting earlier may make sense for you.

1. SSA.gov, 2023
2. Once you reach age 73 you must begin taking required minimum distributions from a Traditional Individual Retirement Account in most circumstances. Withdrawals from Traditional IRAs are taxed as ordinary income and, if taken before age 59½, may be subject to a 10% federal income tax penalty. Contributions to a Traditional IRA may be fully or partially deductible, depending on your adjusted gross income.